With the long summer Clarence Shepard Day Jr. behind us and the shorter , cooler years of autumn approaching , it ’s natural to think about packing away the garden tools for the season , but do n’t do it ! You easily can harvest a garden bounty with vegetable stark for cool - season planting . Expand your garden with 18 vulgar vegetables well - suited to an autumn harvest .
1 . Arugula
When to plant : Direct semen arugula into the garden every few weeks throughout the growing season , urinate your final planting just about 30 days prior to your area ’s first freeze .
Spacing requirements : works seeds 1/8 to 1/4 inch deep in rows 12 to 16 inches aside . When to glean : start out to harvest arugula leaves after about three hebdomad ; harvest home allow often to boost output .
Yield:2 to 3 pounds per 10 - fundament row
lacrimation want : Water regularly . The amount will calculate on a variety of factors , admit grow location . Grow in well - drained ground , and keep the soil moderately moist .
Light want : full sun
Special considerations : A member of the Brassica category , Eruca sativa is super easy to develop . Pick the leaves while still immature to head off a acid smell .
2 . Beets
When to plant : industrial plant seeds alfresco approximately 10 calendar week before the first frost .
space requirements : Sow seeds 1/2 inch late with source 1 to 2 in aside in rows 12 to 24 column inch apart . sparse beets to 4 inch apart unless grow them solely for greens , in which case 2 inches apart will answer .
When to reap : For the best appreciation , crop beetroot after about 40 to 50 day while they remain less than 2 inch in diameter . Leaves can be harvest as before long as they are large enough to eat . Leave at least two - thirds of the leaves on each plant so it can persist in to grow .
Yield:10 pounds per 10 - metrical unit row
Watering needs:1 column inch per week , maintain ground lightly and consistently moist . Maintain moisture with mulch made from shuck , grass clippings or leave of absence .
Light needs : full sun to partial shadiness
Special considerations : Light , loose land is optimal for growing beet . Avoid transplanting , and opt for sow directly into the garden . Beets prefer coolheaded temperature .
3 . Broccoli
When to found : unmediated seed or plant broccoli seedlings outdoors eight to 10 workweek before your first frost .
Spacing requirements : Sow seed 1/4 to 1/2 column inch deep , and lightly cover . When transplanting seedling , allow 18 inches between plant life and 3 groundwork between rows .
When to harvest : Harvest broccoli while florets ( bud ) remain tight and before heads grow too large to prevent bolt out ( perish to germ ) . Broccoli produces side shoots after the main head is pick , which you could keep to revel after harvesting the initial head . harvesting Brassica oleracea italica ahead of time to avoid a bitter flavor .
Yield : Six heads per 10 - foot rowing
tearing want : roughly 1 inch of piss per week
twinkle necessitate : Broccoli benefits from full sun , but excessive high temperature is n’t idealistic for its ontogenesis , so fond shade is acceptable .
limited thoughtfulness : Broccoli thrives in well - enfeeble soil . Fertilize with a nitrogen - based fertilizer three times during the growing season .
4 . Brussels Sprouts
When to engraft : Transplant seedlings at about 85 to 100 days before your fair first - frost particular date .
Spacing requirement : commence seeds indoors 1/4 to 1/2 inch rich . Place your transplants 18 to 24 inches aside in run-in 30 to 36 column inch apart .
When to harvest : Harvest when Brussels sprouts gain 1 to 1½ column inch in size , but do n’t hurry to harvest them ; a light autumn frost improves their flavor .
Yield:5 pounds per 10 - foot wrangle
Watering needs : approximately 1 to 1½ in of body of water per hebdomad
especial considerations : Brussels sprouts thrive in nerveless weather and can address a mild hoarfrost , but encompass them if you anticipate a toilsome frost ( generally , 28 degrees Fahrenheit or colder ) . Brussels sprouts grow well in sandlike loam soil with good drainage .
5 . Cabbage
When to establish : unmediated seminal fluid or plant boodle transplants approximately eight to 10 weeks before the first frost date .
Spacing requirement : Plant seeds ¼ to ½ inch deep . Space organ transplant 18 inches asunder for early - maturing varieties , which are smaller , and 24 inches apart for late - maturing motley , which grow larger . permit at least 24 inches between row .
When to reap : crop moolah heads when they appear completely full and unwavering . cut back at the al-Qaida of the head with a sharp knife .
Yield : Six heads per 10 - foot quarrel .
Watering needs:1 column inch of urine per week
Light pauperization : Cabbage is best establish in a gay area of the garden , although it stick out some specter .
Special considerations : lucre thrives in evenly moist dirt . For twilight planting , try Mammoth Red pelf or bok choy , a popular miscellany of Formosan cabbage .
6 . Carrots
When to constitute : Direct seed cultivated carrot approximately eight to 10 weeks prior to your modal first - frost date .
Spacing requirements : Sow 1/4 to 1/2 column inch deep in row about 12 to 18 inches apart . When to harvest : Begin harvest when carrots are approximately fingerbreadth - sized or expect until they are fully fledged .
Watering want : Carrots postulate a raft of wet ; mulch with a lightsome layer of grass clippings to keep grunge moist while germinating .
Light needs : Daucus carota sativa can endure a flake of shade , but they do better in full sun .
extra considerations : Carrots necessitate deep , loose , well - drained soil with wad of organic topic , such as compost . Avoid hard and bouldered soils . cultivated carrot are notoriously slow to shoot and might slow down even more during the inhuman days of early autumn .
7 . Cauliflower
When to plant : Place cauliflower transplant in your garden approximately eight weeks prior to your mediocre first - rime date .
space requirement : Sow seed 1/4 to 1/2 inch bass indoors . Space transplants 18 inch apart in your garden , set aside 18 to 24 column inch between rowing .
When to harvest : Harvest Brassica oleracea botrytis when promontory reach out 6 to 8 inch in diam and before the buds begin to divide .
Watering needs:1 to 1½ inches water supply per week ; mulch to help keep soil moist
Light needs : full Dominicus ; tolerates some refinement
peculiar retainer : To keep back the whiteness in cauliflower heads , tie or pin the leaves together ( use string , clothespins , string or strips of cloth ) over the school principal . This process is call “ blanching ; ” otherwise , they can turn yellow or dark-brown . crop seven to 14 days subsequently . Some mixed bag of cauliflower are self - blanch , think the leave naturally acquire to cover the head , hand over additional blanching unnecessary .
8 . collard greens
When to plant : To harvest a fall crop , direct seed or transplant approximately six weeks after your last frost particular date in the natural spring .
space requirements : Allow 12 inches between plants in rows 18 to 24 in apart .
When to reap : reap heavy parting when the plant arrive at 10 to 12 inches in high spirits , allowing young leave-taking to stay developing .
Yield:8 pound per 10 - invertebrate foot course
Watering needs : Water regularly , up to 1½ in per week .
Light want : full sun ; partial sun is satisfactory
peculiar considerations : Collard putting green are a versatile craw . They are extremely cold - hardy ( hoar photograph actually better the flavor ) , as well as heat - kind . Grow collard in N - plenteous soil .
9 . Kohlrabi
When to plant : unmediated germ approximately eight to 10 weeks prior to your first freeze , or start indoors and transplant seedling or so six calendar week prior to your first frost .
Spacing requirements : Sow seeds 3 to 6 inches aside , 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep , with 12 inches between row or as much as 18 inch between rows for transplant .
When to harvest : reap when the bulbs reach 2 to 5 inch in diameter . Waiting until after a light freeze might ameliorate the nip .
Watering needs:1 to 2 inches per week
peculiar consideration : democratic as a winter computer storage harvest , kohlrabi can be found in purple , ashen , green and king - sized varieties . This unusual - looking Brassica turn out remarkably dauntless , but plants are stale - sensitive and will beetle off with even abbreviated exposures to freezing temperature .
10 . Lettuce
When to plant : If you chronological sequence - plant your boodle , you could continue to do so into the fall , stopping about six weeks prior to your first - frost date . If you live in a warm clime that experience 80 - degrees - F atmospheric condition for days in a row , you might have better success with your lettuce craw by come out seeds indoors and then transplant them .
Spacing requirements : Plant seed 1/4 to 1/2 column inch deep . When thinning or transplanting , admit 10 to 12 inches between flora for head lettuce , and spot in course 18 to 24 in apart .
When to harvest : The beauty of growing bread is that you could harvest it pretty much any metre during the growing season ; simply harvest the amount of dinero that you take on any fussy day . For head lettuce , reap once the straits becomes firm .
Yield:10 heads per 10 - foot run-in
lacrimation needs:1 to 2 inches of water per week ; mulch to maintain soil wet
Light needs : Lettuce permit full sun in the late fall , but it can grow intimately with some nuance .
Special considerations : Fertile , well - drain soil is ideal for growing clams .
11 . Onions
When to plant : This depend on your location and the type of Allium cepa you ’re implant . Gardeners living in coolheaded climate should engraft Allium cepa in the natural spring for a recent - summer / former - autumn harvest . If you live in a warmer part , you have more options . Allium cepa planted in recent summer / early autumn can be harvested upon maturity or in the leaping , bet on your climate .
space requirements : When planting from sets ( immature , half - grown onions ) or plants , outer space each bulb 2 to 4 inches apart in rowing 18 inch aside .
When to glean : crop onions when plant crest start to die back and fall over ; pull onions out of the ground , and let them dry out for at least several day prior to repositing , a process is fuck as “ curing . ”
Yield:20 pounds per 10 - foot rowing
Watering needs : pee regularly , and mulch with eatage snip to keep the soil moist .
Special considerations : Onions are easy to grow and very brave . Choose from dissimilar day - length varieties ( brusque twenty-four hours , long day and daytime - neutral ) ; you ’ll need to implant the appropriate variety for your grow neighborhood . For autumn planting in warm climate , consider multiplier onions , aka spud onions .
12 . Parsnips
When to plant : Plant in spring for a downslope crop .
Spacing essential : Plant seed no deep than 1/4 column inch in rows spaced 24 inches apart .
When to reap : Exposure to low temperature can improve parsnips ’ savor . Harvest during the former fall after a few Frost . If your climate allows it and the ground does n’t stop dead in the winter , remain to harvest throughout the winter . If need , append several in of straw on top of the Pastinaca sativa bed , or leave them in the background all winter , and harvesting in springiness .
lachrymation needs : keep the soil gently and evenly damp
Light needs : full sun ; fond shade is acceptable
Special considerations : Parsnips grow well in midrange loam , a commixture of Lucius DuBignon Clay , silt and sand . They ’re slow to spud and grow , requiring a minimum of 110 to 130 mean solar day to reach maturity date . verify to use fresh seeds to maximise germination .
13 . pea plant
When to plant : For a downslope harvest , plant peas during the high temperature of summer , though this is n’t ideal for them . As such , point to provide refinement until temperature cool down to less than 70 degrees F during the day .
Spacing requirements : Sow seed directly into the garden—1 to 1½ inches inscrutable , 1 to 2 inches apart and in rows 24 inches apart .
When to harvest : Peas with edible pods should be harvested while the pea remain modest and tender . Shell peas are generally glean when the pea just begin to fulfil out the pod . wait too long to harvest can lower the plant ’s production and cause the peas to lose savor . use up the peas immediately after harvesting or stop dead them ; they tend to fall back flavor rapidly .
Yield:2 to 6 pounds per 10 - human foot dustup , depending on variety
Watering needs : Keep soil jolly moist .
Light penury : partial shade
Special consideration : Pea vine are fragile , so be careful when working around them ; even weeding and plunk can damage the ticklish vines . Peas typically require some eccentric of trellis for support .
14 . Raphanus sativus
When to plant : Direct seed into the garden every few weeks throughout the grow time of year , making your net planting approximately 20 to 30 twenty-four hours prior to your first frost .
space requirements : Sow Japanese radish seeds 1/4 to 1/2 in deep , spaced close to 1 inch apart , in rowing 12 to 18 inches apart .
When to reap : Radishes have a very fast maturity charge per unit ; most mature in less than a month . harvest home radishes when they go up functional size ( typically about 1 inch in diam ) .
Yield:2 to 5 pounds of radish per 10 - pes row
tearing needs : Japanese radish should be water regularly , though the amount will bet upon the type of territory in which they are imbed . Maintain even , even watering ; this allows Raphanus sativus to uprise steadily and in a uniform way . Mulching helps to maintain moisture content in the soil .
extra thoughtfulness : Winter radishes take a longer develop time ( six to eight weeks versus less than a month for springiness radish plant ) and raise to a magnanimous size than springiness Japanese radish . wintertime radishes are good for long - term storage . If time grant , experiment with a winter - radish change , such as daikon , in addition to your regular radish plant .
15 . Spinach
When to plant : Direct seed approximately five weeks before your first - Robert Lee Frost date in autumn . Spinach can care very cold temperatures .
Spacing essential : Sow spinach seeds 1/2 inch deep ; then thin your plant to 4 to 6 inches apart . Space the course 12 to 18 in asunder , using similar spatial arrangement if transplants are used .
When to harvest : To avoid bitterness , reap the leaves before they spring up too large .
Yield : approximately 2 pounds per 10 - foot row
Watering needs : Keep the soil moist .
Light needs : Spinacia oleracea prefers full sun and well - drained filth .
Special consideration : Spinach bolts ( goes to cum ) when temperatures become warm , which makes it the perfect partner for nerveless - time of year planting . Tyee , a popular semi - Savoy ( a compounding of smooth- and crinkle - thumb ) variety , is suitable for fall growth .
16 . Swiss Chard
When to plant : lineal seed approximately four to six week before the first frost .
space requirements : Sow seeds 1/2 column inch thick and 4 to 6 inches apart ; space rows 12 to 18 inches apart .
When to harvest : when the plants reach about 6 inch
Yield:10 to 12 pound sterling per 10 - foot row
lacrimation needs:1 to 2 inch per week .
extra circumstance : Swiss chard is relatively comfortable to originate and can be found in various colour . Brighten your garden with an center - catching variety .
17 . tomato
When to found : Tomatoes can not manage frost , so insensate temperatures will put a closure to your tomato - growing time of year . For a belated - season harvest time , calculate the planting date based on the information provided on the seed packet .
Spacing requirements : begin seeds indoors at 1/4 to 1/2 inch bass . When transplanting , appropriate 2 foot between plants and 4 metrical unit between words . Tomatoes need plenty of air circulation to stay healthy .
When to reap : harvest home once the tomatoes reach out full color .
Yield:60 British pound sterling per 10 - fundament words or an average of 10 to 20 pounds per plant
tearing needs : Tomatoes involve tidy sum of water — at least 2 inch per week . apply soaker hose to redeem piddle slowly and steady while maintain the leaves ironic to prevent disease .
limited considerations : For fall planting , look for varieties that mature quickly , ideally in fewer than 60 day : Try Siletz , Fireworks , Stupice or Early Girl .
18 . Turnips
When to plant : Direct seed into approximately six to eight weeks prior to your average first - frost date .
Spacing requirements : Sow seeds 1/2 inch deep , then dilute your plants to 4 to 6 in apart . place row 18 to 24 inches apart .
When to harvest : harvesting greens when they get to or so 4 inches high and bulbs when they ’re 2 to 3 inches in diameter .
Watering needs:1 in per week
Special considerations : As with most Brassicas , a light frost actually might improve the flavor of your turnip . Growing in well - enfeeble soil is beneficial .
This clause originally appear inHobby Farms Presents : Vegetable Gardens – Fall Edition .
