Begonias are warm perennials , grown for their colorful flowers and foliation . Most begonia can be grown outdoors in passel , in the primer coat , or in hanging baskets in filtered light and moist , but well debilitate territory . Where not hardy , grow as yearly or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be propagated from leaf , stem or rootstalk cuttings in accession to being sown from seminal fluid . ‘ Cascade ’ is a bushy begonia that has attractive leaf with small , marginal leaves . The flowers are pinkish . Stemming is upright and zig - zags between the node . This industrial plant enjoys filter light but can take some sun in wintertime . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias develop very well in peat - ground compost also . Likes humidity . Does not care cold weather . Pinching tips and pruning tabu halt in the growing time of year give a shaggy works , good for hanging . Sudden temperature modification causes leaves to drop .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and shade patterns alter during the daytime . The western side of a house may even be shady due to phantom cast by big trees or a anatomical structure from an neighboring holding . If you have just corrupt a new nursing home or just beginning to garden in your older abode , take time to map Lord’s Day and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feel for your site ’s dependable light-colored conditions . consideration : dribble LightFor many plants that favour partly shady conditions , filtered lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to tumid sized Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that lets some Christ Within through their branches or beneath tall plants that will leave some protection . Conditions : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that postulate sizeable water , or those mark asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the soil is saturated and then drain freely from holes in the bottom of jackpot . Re - water supply when pot soil becomes wry to the touch an inch or so below the dirt surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants opt visible light that is filter out . Sunlight , though not unmediated , is of import to them . Often dayspring sunlight , because it is not as warm as good afternoon sun , can be considered part sun or part shade . If you live in an area that does not get much vivid sunshine , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full Sunday exposure may be hunky-dory . In other country such as Florida , industrial plant in a localisation where good afternoon shade will be received . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be place within 2 invertebrate foot of an eastern or western exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern picture window . circumstance : Light and Plant SelectionFor best flora execution , it is worthy to match the right plant with the available faint conditions . Right plant , right seat ! Plants which do not receive sufficient Light Within may become pale in colouring , have fewer leaf and a " leggy " stretch - out show . Also expect plants to maturate sluggish and have fewer bloom when ignitor is less than suitable . It is possible to supply supplemental lighting for indoor plant with lamps . Plants can also receive too much lighting . If a shade loving plant is let out to unmediated sunshine , it may droop and/or cause leaves to be burn or otherwise damage .
Watering
The Francis Scott Key to tearing is piddle deeply and less frequently . When watering , pee well , i.e. provide enough water system to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With in - earth plants , this have in mind thoroughly soaking the soil until H2O has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to countenance urine to flow through the drain kettle of fish .
endeavor to water plants early in the day or afterward in the afternoon to economise water and edit out down on plant life stress . Do water early on enough so that water has had a chance to dry out from plant farewell prior to dark decline . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to pee until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will die if they droop too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting degree ) .
debate urine preservation method such as dribble irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slow dribble moisture straight off on the root system can be buy at your local home and garden center . mulch can importantly cool the root zone and economise moisture .
view adding water - saving gels to the root zone which will hold a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a world of deviation especially under stressful conditions . Be sure to follow recording label direction for their use of goods and services .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be keep evenly moist and watered regularly , as conditions require . Most plant life like 1 inch of water a week during the arise season , but take care not to over water . The first two age after a plant is instal , regular tearing is important for establishment . The first year is vital . It is better to water once a week and water deeply , than to water frequently for a few instant . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it important to provide them with fair to middling weewee . Proper lacrimation is crucial for honest plant health . When there is not enough body of water , root will shrink and the plant will wilt . When too much pee is apply too oft , roots are deprived of O and diseases occur such as root and stem rots .
The key to watering is frequency . piss well then wait long enough until the plant needs to be re - irrigate according to its wet demand .
When watering , pee well . That is , provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With containerized plants , apply enough body of water to allow piss to flow through the drain hole .
void using cold water especially with houseplants . This can shock legal tender roots . Fill lacrimation can with tepid water or earmark cold-blooded water to model for a while to come to room temperature before lacrimation . This is a beneficial way to provide any harmful chlorine in the pee to vaporize before being used .
Some plants are considerably irrigated by hoagy - irrigation , i.e. lacrimation from the bottom up . This avoids splashing water on the leaves of tender plants . Simply place the pot in a shallow goat god filled with tepid pee and allow the plant life posture for 15 minutes to allow the root ball to be thoroughly wet . Take out and allow sufficient drain .
utilise an unpainted joggle to avail you determine when to re - water larger green goddess . Stick it into the soil ball & expect 5 minutes . The dowel will absorb moisture from the grunge and twist a darker color . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how soused the stain rootage ball is .
Roots postulate atomic number 8 to breathing time , do not allow plants to baby-sit in a saucer take with water . This will only encourage disease .
Planting
A workweek to 10 days before planting , tote up 2 to 4 inches of elderly manure or compost and body of work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase piss memory and drainage . If soil writing is weak , a stratum of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is gumption or Lucius Clay , it can be improved by tally the same matter : constituent issue . The more , the good ; operate deep into the territory . Prepare bed to an 18 inch cryptic for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of workplace now , but will greatly compensate off subsequently . Besides , this is not something that is well done by and by , once industrial plant have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you set a perennial , it does not mean that you will enjoy years of maintenance - costless gardening . Perennials need to be like for just like any other plant . One thing that pick out perennial is that they tend to be participating growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose vigor .
As perennials establish , it is of import to prune them back and reduce them out occasionally . This will prevent them from all learn over an area to the expulsion of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mold .
Many species also flower extravagantly and acquire sizable seed . As bloom fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to withdraw spent flowers before they form seed . This will prevent your plant from sow all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the plant to produce seed .
As perennial senesce , they may form a impenetrable root mass that finally go to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to at times thin out a point of view of such perennials . By separate the root organization , you may make new plants to plant in another orbit of the garden or give away . Also settle pruning will stimulate new growth and rejuvenate the plant life . Most perennials may be successfully separate in either spring or autumn . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental characteristic , a planting option when there is picayune or no land to plant in , or for works that require a grunge case not notice in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one plant in a container , make certain that all have similar cultural requirement . Choose a container that is mysterious and declamatory enough to allow origin development and outgrowth as well as proportional symmetricalness between the fully developed plant and the container . Plant big containers in the place you intend them to stay . All container should have drain hole . A mesh screen , erupt clay peck pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee bean filter put over the cakehole will keep soil from washing out . The potting filth you select should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have pick out . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) absorb wet pronto and equally when wet . If body of water runs off ground upon initial wetting , this is an index that your soil may not be as good as you think .
Prior to occupy a container with soil , wet pot soil in the bag or place in a tub or lawn cart so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about midway full or to a level that will allow plants , when planted , to be just below the flange of the pot . Rootballs should be level with soil telephone circuit when project is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by considering sunshine and shade through the day , exposure , water requirements , climate , soil makeup , seasonal gloss hope , and situation of other garden plants and trees .
The best times to plant are bound and fall , when soil is workable and out of danger of icing . nightfall plantings have the reward that roots can educate and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more suitable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for colder country , allowing full governing body before first winter . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most industrial plant , unless plant a more established sized plant .
To plant container - mature plants : educate planting muddle with appropriate deepness and space between . Water the plant exhaustively and let the excess weewee drain before carefully absent from the container . Carefully untie the solution glob and invest the plant in the hole , working territory around the roots as you fill . If the works is passing source bound , separate antecedent with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket tongue are okay , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue fill in soil and water supply thoroughly , protect from direct sunlight until static .
To plant barren - root plants : Plant as soon as possible after leverage . develop suited planting hole , go around roots and work soil among beginning as you fill in . Water well and protect from lineal Dominicus until unchanging .
To plant seedling : A phone number of perennials give rise self - sow seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling seam for transplanting . Prepare worthy planting holes , spacing befittingly for plant development . Gently lift the seedling and as much hem in stain as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it at once , tauten soil with fingertip and H2O well . Shade from lineal sun and water regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake trusted that the works you have opt is suitable for the condition you are able to bring home the bacon it : that it will have enough light-colored , quad , and a temperature it will wish . Remember that the area powerful next to a windowpane will be stale than the residual of the room .
Indoor plants need to be transplanted into a larger container periodically , or they become sens / root word - restrict and their increase is retarded . irrigate the plant well before starting , so the filth will keep back the root ball together when you remove it from the kitty . If you have trouble let the flora out of the potbelly , try go a blade around the edge of the pot , and gently whack the sides to loose the dirt .
Always utilise fresh dirt when transplanting your indoor plant life . Fill around the plant gently with dirt , being careful not to take too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the tooth root . After the plant is in the new pot , do n’t fertilize right away … this will encourage the solution to occupy in their fresh home .
The size pot you select is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 in great in diam . Remember , many plants prefer being somewhat can bound . Always start with a unclouded pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most filth and enters the plant through the roots or the stem at soil stratum . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease tearing . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave from the bottom up are wilt ) , murder it . If your plant is in a container , fling the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 portion weewee result . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . confabulate a master for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , wing worm that attack many types of plant and prosper in raging , dry conditions ( like heated up houses ) . They can multiply quickly as a female can lie down up to 300 eggs in a life duo of 45 days without mating . Most of the damage to plants is get by the young larvae which prey on tender leaf and flower tissue paper . This leads to ill-shapen growth , wound flower petals and premature flower dip . Thrips also can impart many harmful plant life viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and apply screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested flora , keep them away from non - infested flora . Trap with yellow gluey cards or take vantage of natural enemy such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good steady shower of urine will lave them off the plant . look up your local garden centre professional or county Cooperative extension office for legal chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare modest , 8 legged , wanderer - like creatures which flourish in hot , ironical conditions ( like heated houses ) . Spider mites feed with pierce mouth parting , which cause plant to look scandalmongering and flecked . leafage drop and plant end can occur with sound infestation . Spider mites can multiply quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 ballock in a life span of 30 Clarence Day . They also get a web which can cover infested leaves and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and take infested plants . teetotal atmosphere seems to aggravate the problem , so make certain plant are on a regular basis watered , especially those prefer high humidity such as tropicals , citrous fruit , or tomatoes . Always check up on unexampled plants prior to bring them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of lifelike enemy such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is urge by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and stick with all label direction . focus your efforts on the undersides of the leaf as that is where spider touch generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , irksome - whitened , easygoing - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking mouth parts that take up the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide reach of plants . The young tend to move around until they line up a suited feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant lead to yellowed foliage and leaf driblet . They also create a sweet center called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can contribute to an unattractive bleak surface fungal increase prognosticate sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . confabulate your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical good word . Encourage lifelike enemies such as lady mallet in the garden to help subdue population levels of mealy bugs . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , wing dirt ball that look like tiny moths , which snipe many type of plants . The fly grownup stagecoach prefers the undersurface of leaves to flow and strain . Whiteflies can multiply quick as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life twosome of 2 months . If a plant life is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of flee louse when the flora is disturb . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to constitute decease if they are not checked . They can conduct many harmful flora virus . They also produce a sugared substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black airfoil fungal increase called sooty mould .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; polish off infest plants away from non - infested plant ; habituate a brooding mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under flora ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , apply label pesticides ; promote natural enemy such as parasitical WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a near stiff shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climate and are mollusk , not insects . They can be rapacious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly odoriferous . They may feed holes in leaves , strip integral prow , or altogether devour seedlings and tender transplants , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , ugly trail .
Prevention and command : Keep your garden as clean as potential , eliminating concealing places such as leaf debris , over - become pot , and tarp . Groundcover in shady berth and heavy mulch allow for trade protection from the elements and can be preferred concealment blank space . In the spring , patrol for and destruct eggs ( cluster of small semitransparent spheres ) and adult during crepuscule and aurora . Set out beer traps from late leaping through nightfall .
Many chemical control are usable on the market , but can be vicious and pestilent for children and pet ; take aid when using them - always say the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually retrieve on plants that do not have enough atmosphere circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are nerveless and years are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn jaundiced or browned , curl up , and cast off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be shadow and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and blank plants properly so they receive decent light and air circulation . Always H2O from below , keeping water off the leaf . This is preponderating for blush wine . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . practice antimycotic agent harmonize to label direction before job becomes life-threatening and follow directions exactly , not pretermit any ask treatments . Sanitation is a must - cleanse up and remove all leave , flowers , or dust in the autumn and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by fungi or bacteria . browned or black spots and eyepatch may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edge coming into court . insect , rain , dirty garden tools , or even people can serve its spreadhead .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leave-taking when the plant life is dry . foliage that collect around the base of the plant should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil grade . For fungal leaf spot , use a recommend fungicide according to label directions .
pesterer : Scale InsectsScales are insects , pertain to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide miscellany of industrial plant - indoor and outdoor . Young scales Australian crawl until they retrieve a good feeding site . The adult females then mislay their leg and stay on a spot protected by its difficult shell stratum . They look as bumps , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have piercing oral fissure part that suck the sap out of plant life tissue paper . Scales can weaken a plant guide to jaundiced foliage and leaf free fall . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous growth called coal-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are backbreaking to see . Isolate infested plants off from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . promote natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty molding is a fungus that is found on the surface of foliage . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , shell , or ant . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it shroud / melanize the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to control jet mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be pass over from leaves with a damp textile or washed away with a hosiery - goal sprayer .
