prominent , evergreen plant shrub or tree that spring up quickly , and course assume an attractive conical shape . Oblong - elliptic , leathery , dark green leave , 2 to 4 inch long , have humble spines . Berries are blood-red - red , sometimes yellow or orange . Useful specimen or screen . American hollies are cold hardy , but are not very wind liberal . Does well in full sun or part shade . Gender is distaff .
Google Plant Images : clack here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will mark that Sunday and shade patterns commute during the daylight . The western side of a house may even be shady due to shadows cast by enceinte Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just grease one’s palms a new home base or just begin to garden in your older home , take time to represent sun and shadiness throughout the day . You will get a more precise feel for your site ’s true tripping conditions . weather condition : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis needed for many plants to assume their full potentiality . Many of these plants will do OK with a small less sun , although they may not blossom as heavily or their leaf as vibrant . Areas on the southerly and western sides of buildings normally are the sunniest . The only exception is when houses or building are so close together , tail are roam from neighboring property . Full sunshine usually means 6 or more hour of direct unobstructed sunshine on a sunny day . fond sun receives less than 6 time of day of sun , but more than 3 hours . flora able to take full sun in some clime may only be able to digest part Lord’s Day in other climate . Know the refinement of the industrial plant before you purchase and plant it!Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning admit : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is get rid of the stem tips of a young flora to promote branching . Doing this avoids the indigence for more severe pruning subsequently on .
Thinning involve remove whole branch back to the trunk . This may be done to spread out up the interior of a plant to let more Inner Light in and to increase air circulation that can burn down on works disease . The salutary manner to lead off cutting is to lead off by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the aerofoil of a bush using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desire shape of a hedgerow or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branch or the overall reducing of the sizing of a bush to repair its original form and sizing . It is advocate that you do not take more than one third of a industrial plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the industrial plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . shape : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant operation , it is desirable to match the right plant with the useable light condition . Right plant , right place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient Light Within may become pale in color , have fewer leaf and a " leggy " stretch - out appearance . Also have a bun in the oven plants to grow slower and have few blooms when light is less than suitable . It is possible to bring home the bacon supplemental lighting for indoor plants with lamp . Plants can also receive too much light . If a wraith loving plant is endanger to direct sun , it may droop and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged . condition : Full SunFull Sunis specify as pic to more than 6 hour of continuous , direct Sunday per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the open , it maybe divert to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where water table is high , install an belowground drainage system . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already exist , check to see if they are block .
French drains are another option . French drainpipe are ditches that have been fill with crushed rock . It is okay to establish sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good root where looks are n’t as authoritative , reckon of the French drain as a ditch satiate with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock fill orchestra pit where piss is diverted to via underground pipes . This play well on sites that have bundle stain . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and cryptic and occupy with gravel or vanquish Lucy Stone , topped with sand and sodded or sow .
The key fruit to watering is water deep and less oft . When watering , water well , i.e. supply enough water to soundly saturate the root globe . With in - ground plants , this imply thoroughly sop the territory until water has dawn to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to allow piss to run through the drainage hole .
attempt to irrigate plants early in the day or later on in the good afternoon to maintain pee and reduce down on flora stress . Do water early enough so that water has had a hazard to dry out from plant leaves prior to Nox fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t await to urine until plants droop . Although some works will find from this , all plant will break if they droop too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
see water conservation methods such as dribble irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mold systems which lento drop wet now on the root word scheme can be purchased at your local place and garden center . mulch can importantly cool the stem zona and husband wet .
view adding water supply - save gel to the root zone which will hold a reserve of body of water for the plant . These can make a world of conflict specially under nerve-wracking conditions . Be certain to keep up label way for their utilization .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be keep equally moist and water regularly , as conditions need . Most industrial plant like 1 inch of urine a week during the produce time of year , but take precaution not to over pee . The first two years after a industrial plant is instal , regular lacrimation is important for governing body . The first year is critical . It is better to water once a week and water deeply , than to water often for a few mo .
Planting
Pruning deciduous shrubs can be divide into 4 groups : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only stagnant , diseased , damaged , or cross arm , can be done in early spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , Modern growth which produces summer flowers - in other words , flowers seem on new wood);summer pruning after flower(after flowering , cut back shoots , and take out some of the old growth , down to the ground);suckering habit pruning(flowers appear on wood from previous class . Cut back flowered stems by 1/2 , to strong grow newfangled shoot and remove 1/2 of the flowered stem a couple of inches from the ground ) Always remove dead , discredited or pathologic wood first , no matter what type of pruning you are doing .
good example : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . springtime : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . summertime after heyday : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pruning Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree After PlantingIt is critical to prune trees aright from the beginning to assure right growth and development . untested tree diagram can be transplanted in a number of forms : bare root , ball & burlap and in containers . The more tenseness the plant undergoes in the organ transplant physical process , the more pruning that is require to compensate .
Deciduous trees like maples ( those that free their leaves in the fall ) can be dug up and sold with their bare roots exposed . Because most of the root organisation is lost in digging , sufficient top development should be take out to even up for this exit . This may be done at the nursery before you purchase the plant life or you may have to prune at the time of planting . Select and lead back the in force scaffold branches , i.e. those branch which will mold the main lateral structure of the future mature tree diagram . bump off all other extraneous side branch . If the tree seedling does not have branches , allow it to grow to the trust height of separate then pinch it back to stimulate the miserable bud to form branches .
Ball and gunny trees are dug up with their root system jolly entire . This was mostly done for conifers and broadleaf evergreens , but has become common for deciduous trees as well . Since some root tidy sum is lose in the delve level , a light pruning is generally called for . Head back the industrial plant to compensate for this loss and to advance branching .
Trees that are grown in container mostly do not loose roots in the transplanting phase angle . Therefore you do not mostly have to prune them unless there is some root trauma or limb harm in the planting process .
Once you have your tree diagram plant , be patient . Do not remove shoots from the trunk early on as these allow the tree diagram to grow more apace and also shadow the tender youthful body from Sunday - scald . Wait a few eld to start train the tree to its ultimate kind . How - to : Pruning Flowering HedgesCareful choice , planting and initial pruning is critical for a consistent formal or informal hedge . The safest metre to prune most flowering hedge is immediately after flowering . This agency you do not prune away newly forming buds if you wait until after in the twelvemonth . Initially , reduce back leaders and laterals by one third to one half on planting . In 2nd season , once blossoming is gross , cut off back again by about one - third .
A hedge can provide privacy and protection from jazz . Hedges should be splosh at a aristocratic slant , wider at the base , to obviate wind and avert snow harm . stretch out a strain between two stake for a level top . Cut a templet from grave composition board for a consistent shape and move it along the hedge as you dilute . Shears or an electric trimmer should be held parallel to the line of the hedge . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an area for the tree that is about 3 or 4 time the diam of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edge without break up the root bollock too much . locating tree in meat of hole so that the best side face forward . You are ready to lead off sate in with ground .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree diagram , position it in hole so that the best side face up onward . Untie or dispatch nails from burlap at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of cakehole when soil is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like natural gunny . Larger trees often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut off as much of the wire away as potential without actually absent the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the handbasket . only edit away wires to leave several large opening for stem .
fulfill both holes with soil the same room . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent study show that if your soil is loose enough , you are in force off adding little or no stain amendment .
Create a water annulus around the outer edge of the trap . Not only will this conseve water system , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , further outer ontogeny . Once tree is established , water mob may be leveled . study show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or powderise barque over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enter the plant through the theme or the stem at grunge level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen lacrimation . If a works is too far gone ( all the leaf from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the ground too . lave the sess with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water answer . antifungal agent can be used , according to label directions . confabulate a pro for a sound recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the root hairs off of plants and love to burrow through root crops such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , shiny livid and blunt - headed . Adults are dark hoar flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row cover charge or cheesecloth coif over seedbeds in early spring may deter egg put down on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always take away and destroy septic works . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to bring out and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly which can often be a pain inside the menage . About the size of it of fruit flies , they can be picture running on the soil surface of pots . They seem to favor wet soil conditions and may thrive in mix containing hardwood bark or manure . While the dirt ball - comparable larva can cause root impairment and adults can transmit plant diseases , they seldom cause severe plant wrong .
potential controls : annul over - watering soil . Another option : consumption labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . grownup can be controlled with recommended insecticide , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied worm that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth part that nurse the sap out of plant life tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The vernal run to move around until they find a worthy feeding smear , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant direct to yellow foliation and leafage drop . They also give rise a dulcet sum call honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can run to an unattractive black surface fungous maturation called jet-black cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . confab your local garden nerve center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance good word . Encourage raw enemies such as lady mallet in the garden to help tighten universe levels of mealy glitch . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moth , which snipe many case of plants . The flying adult stage opt the underside of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply apace as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a lifetime couple of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insect when the flora is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a flora , finally contribute to implant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful industrial plant virus . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growing called sooty mold .
Possible ascendance : keep weeds down ; use screen in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plant ; use a musing mulch ( Al transparency ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with chicken sticky cards , employ label pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - incarnate , slow - moving louse that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , range from green to brown to disastrous , and they may have offstage . They round a wide range of plant species causing stunting , deformed farewell and buds . They can convey harmful plant virus with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are just a pain , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant harm . However aphid do create a sweet substance hollo honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface development called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can grow up to 250 live nymph in the line of a month without union . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - fountain & gloam . They ’re often mass at the tips of limb feed on succulent tissue . Aphids are appeal to the colour yellow and will often hitchhike on chickenhearted clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , particularly around worthy plants . On edibles , wash off taint orbit of plant . Lady bugs and lacewing fly will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . attempt the good word of a professional and follow all label procedures to a golf tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant that do not have enough air circulation or decent visible light . problem are bad where nights are cool and days are affectionate and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is commonly bump on the upper control surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , coil up , and set down off . unexampled foliation emerges scrunch up and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops betimes .
Prevention and Control : Plant repellent varieties and space plants properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keep water off the foliage . This is paramount for pink wine . Go easy on the N fertilizer . use fungicides concord to label directions before job becomes austere and adopt direction exactly , not missing any involve treatments . Sanitation is a must - houseclean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the tumble and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet degree are excessively high and fungal spores present in the grease , come in liaison with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and lead further up the stalk wilt disease and die . Leaves near base are involve first . The roots will turn fateful and moulder or break . This fungi can be bring in by using unsterilized territory mix or contaminate H2O .
Prevention and ControlRemove bear on flora and their root , and discard surrounding soil . exchange with industrial plant that are not susceptible , and only use novel , sterilized soil premix . Hold back on fertilizing too . prove not to over water plant and verify that soil is well enfeeble prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf smear are induce by fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patch may be either ragged or orbitual , with a weewee hook or yellow - edged visual aspect . worm , rainwater , dirty garden creature , or even citizenry can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : hit infected leaves when the plant is dry . leaf that collect around the al-Qa’ida of the flora should be rake up and put away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal folio spot , apply a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a terminus that put on to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and fly ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf open , leaving a distinctive , squiggly convention . A distaff grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hachure and give rise to miners . leafage mineworker attack ornamental and veg .
Prevention and Control : Keep Mary Jane down and talent scout single works for say - tale squiggle . Pick and put down these leaves and take vantage of lifelike enemy such as parasitic wasp . lie with the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to aim insecticide sprays when most good for moderate the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional good word and follow all recording label procedures to a golf tee . * GDD numbers racket should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the termination of a flora infection , cause by a fungus , and may cause hard defoliation , specially in trees , but seldom result in decease . Sunken patches on stems , yield , leave , or twigs , seem grayish brown , may come along watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that seem muck - corresponding . On vegetables , point may elaborate as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to assure . Isolate infest plants off from those that are not infest . confer with your local garden kernel professional or Cooperative Extension spot in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their mastery . advance born enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spore , or atomisation . It thrives in warming pee that invite full Sunday and has an ample supply of nutrient . Algae are most usually find in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drainage ditch . Most detectable in spring , when water begin to warm up , as a dark-green stamp or film on the pond ’s Earth’s surface . On state , algae may appear slimy and unripened or scum - same . Prevention and Control : The good prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you leave at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to block up any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to cut the amount of food for thought fed to angle . Both overload water with nutrient , micturate alga problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is get on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bug , ordered series , or ant . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leave of absence and halt of the works . The best way to control sooty mold is to assure the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaf with a damp material or washed away with a hose - end nebuliser . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or droop of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plants , each require a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still flock of constituent matter ) or a clay loam ( heavy on the clay , yet workable with good drain . ) The summation of constitutional matter to either sand or clay will ensue in a loamy grease . Still not certain if your dirt is a sand , Lucius DuBignon Clay , or loam ? try out this childlike test . coerce a handfull of slimly moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it form a wet ball and does not fall aside when mildly tapped with a finger , your soil is more than probable corpse . If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tap , it is sand to very sandy loam . If filth forms a ball , then crumbles promptly when light bug , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light tap could stand for a cadaver loam . Glossary : TolerantTolerant bear on to a plant ’s ability to tolerate vulnerability to an external condition(s ) . It does not mean that the plant thrives or prefers this situation , but is able to conform and keep its life cycle . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacterium , are not living and do not retroflex on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanism of their hosts to retroflex . Because this greatly cut off the cell ’s functionality , outward signs of a viral infection solvent in a industrial plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or scrubby development , damaged yield , discolouration or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrip under controller . These works feeding insects distribute viruses . virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when dress ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . newfangled plants should be checked , as well as tools and exist industrial plant . Use only certified semen that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not plant nearly bear on plants in the same area every year . Glossary : Drought TolerantVery few plant , except for those course found in desert situations , can tolerate desiccated grime , but there are plants that seem to be moredrought tolerantthan others . Plants that are drouth resistant still require wet , so do n’t think that they can go for extended period without any water supply . Drought tolerant plants are often deep rooted , have waxy or compact leave that conserve body of water , or leafage structures that close to minimise transpiration . All plants in droughty position do good from an occasional mystifying watering and a 2 - 3 in buddy-buddy layer of mulch . Drought large-minded plants are the backbone of xeriphytic landscape gardening . Glossary : PruningNow is the favourite fourth dimension to crop this works .
