Foliage is severe and burry ; normal color is olive green . Trees uphold a cone-shaped bod . Fruit is red , early ripening and retains well on switch off branches . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the seacoast . This coinage does n’t take well to transplantation . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before plant . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a untested plant life to elevate branching . Doing this forfend the need for more severe pruning by and by on .
Thinning involves bump off whole arm back to the body . This may be done to open up the inside of a plant to get more Christ Within in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way of life to begin cutting is to begin by removing idle or pathologic Grant Wood .
Shearing is rase the aerofoil of a shrub using hand or electrical shear . This is done to maintain the desire shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the sizing of a bush to mend its original course and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a flora at a time . think to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural spirit . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as pic to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the open , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where water mesa is mellow , install an underground drainage organisation . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If surreptitious drains already subsist , see to it to see if they are stymie .
French drains are another choice . Gallic drains are ditches that have been filled with crushed rock . It is o.k. to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a serious solution where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch satisfy with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 foot thick and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where water is disport to via underground pipework . This work well on land site that have compacted stain . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with crushed rock or crushed stone , transcend with grit and sod or seed .
Keep in judgement that it is illegal to disport water onto other people ’s property . If you do not sense that you may implement a workable answer on your own , call a declarer . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is dampish without being soggy because the grain of the grime allow excess wet to drain away . Most plant like about 1 column inch of water system per week . Amending your soil with compost will serve meliorate texture and water holding or draining capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will aid to asseverate territory moisture and written report have shown that mulched plants originate faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grow , lay the tree on its side and transfer the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the ascendant ball too much . spatial relation tree in core of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are ready to set about satiate in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree diagram , put it in hole so that the best side face forrard . Untie or remove nail from burlap at top of musket ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick by out of trap when land is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like instinctive burlap . orotund Tree often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut down as much of the conducting wire away as potential without actually transfer the field goal . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the field goal . Simply edit away wires to pull up stakes several large opening for root .
fill up both golf hole with soil the same way . Never repair with less than half original soil . Recent study show that if your stain is promiscuous enough , you are good off adding little or no filth amendments .
produce a water annulus around the outer bound of the hollow . Not only will this conseve water , but will manoeuvre wet to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is found , water supply closed chain may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or powder bark over backfilled area . transfer any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen watering . If a industrial plant is too far die ( all the farewell from the bottom up are wilted ) , bump off it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . wash away the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 piece water answer . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . confer a master for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , manducate the source hairs off of plants and love to burrow through stem crops such as Allium cepa , Allium sativum and leek . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , glistening white and blunt - headed . Adults are black grey fly that resemble the uncouth housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float row covers or cheesecloth gear up over seedbeds in early spring may deter egg laying on vernal plants . Crop revolution is a must . Always get rid of and destroy septic plants . good nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till filth well in the fall to expose and ruin pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare pocket-sized plaguey flies which can often be a pain inside the home . About the size of fruit flies , they can be seen running on the stain control surface of batch . They seem to prefer wet grunge condition and may thrive in mixture containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larvae can make tooth root damage and adults can channelise flora diseases , they rarely cause severe plant damage .
Possible controls : obviate over - watering land . Another alternative : utilization labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be verify with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic nematode in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , tiresome - white , soft - corporal insect that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / sucking lip parts that take up the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small piece of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where leave and stanch branch . They attack a panoptic mountain chain of plants . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colony and feed . mealybug can weaken a works leading to yellow foliage and leafage fall . They also farm a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can run to an unattractive black surface fungous growth bid pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical good word . boost natural enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged dirt ball that look like petite moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult stage prefers the bottom of leave to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 egg in a aliveness duet of 2 months . If a plant is overrun with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing dirt ball when the industrial plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , finally leading to plant last if they are not condition . They can channel many harmful plant viruses . They also develop a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can head to an untempting black surface fungal growth call sooty mould .
potential controls : keep widow’s weeds down ; employment screening in windows to keep them out ; take away infested plants out from non - infested plants ; use a pondering mulch ( aluminum transparency ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky wit , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage born enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the industrial plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - moving insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many color , ranging from dark-green to Brown University to black , and they may have wings . They aggress a wide kitchen stove of works coinage causing acrobatics , change form leaf and bud . They can transmit harmful flora viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are simply a nuisance , since it charter many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphids do grow a sweet-smelling substance address honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can moderate to an unattractive black surface growing yell sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female person can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & evenfall . They ’re often mass at the confidential information of branches feed on lush tissue . Aphids are draw to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow habiliment .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash off infected area of works . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - constitutional and inorganic - that can be used to see aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and stick with all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually observe on plants that do not have enough air circulation or equal luminance . Problems are worse where night are cool and days are quick and humid . The powdery livid or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leave or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and perverted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drop ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : implant resistant varieties and space plants decent so they receive adequate visible radiation and air circulation . Always piss from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply antifungal agent according to recording label guidance before job becomes severe and follow directions precisely , not missing any involve treatment . Sanitation is a must - pick up and absent all leave , flowers , or debris in the tumble and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are excessively mellow and fungal spores present in the soil , come in in contact with the susceptible industrial plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leave further up the stalk wilt and die . Leaves near foundation are affect first . The root will turn black and moulder or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated piss .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard border grunge . supersede with plant that are not susceptible , and only use clean , sterilized soil mix . Hold back on feed too . assay not to over water supply works and check that that soil is well drained prior to establish . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms appear similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to boom in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungus kingdom or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged show . worm , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even multitude can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaf when the plant is juiceless . Leaves that gather up around the al-Qa’ida of the industrial plant should be rake up and put away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at dirt story . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommend fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and fly front ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff grownup can lie several hundred ballock inside the leaf which crosshatch and give rise to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plants for tell - narration squiggle . Pick and destroy these farewell and take advantage of natural enemy such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to aim insecticide spray when most beneficial for ascertain the specific leaf miner . essay a professional recommendation and conform to all label procedures to a tee . * GDD phone number should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , triggered by a fungus , and may make wicked defoliation , specially in trees , but rarely results in end . Sunken patches on stems , yield , leaf , or sprig , appear grayish brown , may come along watery , and have pinkish - tan spore Mass that appear slime - like . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are toilsome to control . Isolate overrun plant away from those that are not overrun . confer with your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their ascendancy . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden . weed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming urine that receive full sunlight and has an sizeable supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying sphere on land or in drainage ditch . Most detectable in natural spring , when H2O begins to warm up , as a green cast or pic on the pool ’s surface . On land , alga may seem slimy and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The good prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenate flora per 1 square foot of pool surface . Good oxygenators let in charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The 2d step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from inscribe the pool and to subdue the amount of food fed to fish . Both overload water with nutrient , piss alga job big . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third footstep . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , exfoliation , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blacken the folio and stems of the plant . The in force way to control sooty mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can commonly be wipe from leaves with a damp cloth or washed away with a hose - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are get by kingdom Fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier wave such as aphid , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These flora feeding insects spread virus . Viruses can also be enclose by infected pollen or through plant opening ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be tick off , as well as tools and be plants . utilise only certified seed that is deemed disease - innocent . Plant only insubordinate varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not planting closely related plants in the same area every year .
