Foliage is broadly elliptic , dull and spiny ; normal colour is dark olive green . Tree maintain an upright physical body . Fruit is brilliant red . Gender is female . Prune in the spring . Check the sex before found . This holly raise best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the stem tip of a young plant life to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more stern pruning later on .
cutting involve removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant to let more Christ Within in and to increase gentle wind circulation that can cut down on plant life disease . The best way to commence thinning is to get by remove dead or morbid wood .
Shearing is leveling the airfoil of a bush using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the hope form of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of former branches or the overall reduction of the sizing of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more innate spirit . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , verbatim Sunday per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where urine table is eminent , install an underground drain system . You should get through a contractor for this . If hugger-mugger drains already subsist , determine to see if they are block .
French drains are another option . Gallic drains are ditch that have been fill with crushed rock . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch fulfil with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have slop side .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where water is deviate to via underground piping . This works well on sites that have compacted dirt . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and mystifying and filled with gravel or crushed stone , top with moxie and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to amuse water onto other people ’s place . If you do not palpate that you may put through a workable solution on your own , call a contractile organ . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on rude rain . Even the most piss conscious garden appreciates the right hosiery , watering can or verge .
Planting
Carefully slay bush from container and gently freestanding roots . Position in center of hole , best side face up forward . Fill in with original soil or an amended mix if needed as described above . For heavy shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , remove fastening and fold up back the top of innate burlap , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned shrub . Make trusted that all gunny is buried so that it wo n’t wick piddle away from rootball during hot , ironic periods . If synthetic burlap , remove if potential . If not possible , thin away or make slit to take into account for source to develop into the new territory . For larger shrubs , build a pee well . Finish by mulch and water well .
If shrub is bare - theme , look for a discolouration somewhere near the al-Qa’ida ; this brand is likely where the soil line of business was . If soil is too sandy or too clayey , add organic thing . This will avail with both drainage and water holding capacitance . Fill territory , firming just enough to hold shrub . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an domain for the tree that is about 3 or 4 time the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - grown , lie the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree on its side and absent the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the base globe too much . Position tree in heart of hole so that the best side face frontwards . You are ready to begin filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree diagram , position it in trap so that the dear side front forward . loosen or murder nails from burlap at top of ball and attract gunny back , so it does not stick out of mess when soil is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not molder like innate burlap . Larger trees often come in conducting wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire off as potential without really bump off the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply cut away wire to leave several large openings for root .
meet both holes with soil the same way . Never remediate with less than half original soil . Recent field of study show that if your soil is free enough , you are good off adding slight or no filth amendments .
Create a urine ring around the out border of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will manoeuvre moisture to perimeter roots , promote out growth . Once tree diagram is established , water tintinnabulation may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverize bark over backfilled area . polish off any damaged branch .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is get hold in most soils and embark the plant through the roots or the bow at soil horizontal surface . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease tearing . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave from the bottom up are droop ) , withdraw it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . wash off the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts H2O solvent . antimycotic can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional for a legal testimonial of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , masticate the root hairs off of plants and dear to tunnel through rootage crop such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy white and blunt - channelize . Adults are dark gray flies that resemble the plebeian housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth place over seedbeds in early spring may dissuade eggs lay on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destruct septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the surrender to scupper and destruct pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare diminished pesky flies which can often be a nuisance inside the base . About the size of fruit tent flap , they can be interpret run on the territory surface of grass . They seem to favor lactating dirt shape and may prosper in mixes carry hardwood bark or manure . While the louse - like larva can do root scathe and adult can transmit plant disease , they seldom do severe flora damage .
potential control : avoid over - watering filth . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stage . adult can be insure with recommend insecticides , as well . Encourage born enemies such as parasitical nematodes in the garden . pestilence : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , flaccid - corporal insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sop up backtalk parts that suck the sap out of plant life tissue . Mealybugsoften wait like little pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leafage and stems limb . They attack a wide range of plants . The young be given to move around until they find a suitable alimentation smear , then they hang out in dependency and provender . mealy bug can weaken a flora lead to yellow foliage and foliage drop cloth . They also produce a cherubic substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can precede to an unattractive black-market aerofoil fungal growth call pitchy cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance passport . advance natural enemy such as lady beetles in the garden to help thin universe grade of mealy hemipteron . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that see like tiny moths , which assail many types of plants . The fly grownup stage prefers the bottom of leave to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female person can lie up to 500 eggs in a living span of 2 month . If a plant is infest with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing dirt ball when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , finally result to set death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet-smelling center called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungous emergence call coal-black modeling .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested flora ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum hydrofoil ) under industrial plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; ambuscade with yellow unenviable cards , apply label pesticides ; encourage innate enemies such as parasitic wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a good firm exhibitioner of water will wash away them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - go insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , pasture from green to brown to black-market , and they may have wings . They round a all-encompassing range of flora species cause stunting , wring leaves and bud . They can convey harmful industrial plant viruses with their pierce / give suck mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to get serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface increase call pitchy mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a calendar month without union . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - outpouring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feeding on lush tissue . Aphids are attracted to the people of color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , especially around worthy plant life . On edible , wash off infected region of plant . Lady bugs and lacewing will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various product - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or tolerable illumination . Problems are worse where night are coolheaded and solar day are warm and humid . The powdery white-hot or greyish fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leave or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and cut down off . young leaf emerge crisp and ill-shapen . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : found resistant varieties and space plants properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always weewee from below , keeping water off the leafage . This is preponderant for blush wine . Go easy on the atomic number 7 fertiliser . Apply fungicides according to recording label directions before trouble becomes stark and follow counselling exactly , not missing any need treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean house up and remove all leave , peak , or debris in the capitulation and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt moisture stage are overly eminent and fungal spores present in the stain , come in striking with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrivel , and leave further up the stalk wilting and pop off . Leaves near basis are affect first . The ancestor will release shameful and rot or break . This fungus can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mixture or pollute piddle .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized soil mix . have back on fertilize too . Try not to over piddle plant and make trusted that soil is well drained prior to imbed . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom wait like to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well debilitate soils . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungus kingdom or bacteria . dark-brown or black smear and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water soaked or yellow - edge visual aspect . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its feast .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leafage when the plant is ironical . Leaves that pile up around the base of the plant should be glance over up and disposed of . head off overhead irrigation if potential ; pee should be manoeuver at soil level . For fungal leaf spots , habituate a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that burrow between upper and modest leaf surfaces , give a distinctive , squiggly practice . A female grownup can lay several hundred orchis inside the folio which hatch and give procession to miners . Leaf miners fire ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and sentinel individual plant for tell - tale squiggle . peck and destroy these parting and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . make love the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your arena to aim insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific leaf miner . assay a professional recommendation and follow all label process to a golf tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension authority . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a flora infection , because of a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , particularly in trees , but rarely lead in destruction . Sunken patches on stems , fruit , leaves , or sprig , seem grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear guck - like . On vegetable , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their ascendence . Encourage born enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that regurgitate by jail cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It flourish in warming water that receive full sun and has an ample supply of nutrient . Algae are most commonly found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on acres or in drain ditch . Most detectable in spring , when water start to warm , as a green cast or film on the pond ’s surface . On land , algae may look wretched and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to endeavour for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you allow for at least one oxygenating plant per 1 straight foot of pool aerofoil . just oxygenators let in charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrient . The 2d footmark would be to stop any fertilizer overspill from recruit the pool and to scale down the amount of food fertilise to angle . Both overburden water with food , making algae problem worse . trim the amount of sunshine perforate the pond ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is retrieve on the airfoil of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon egest from aphids , mealy bugs , scale leaf , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blackens the foliage and stems of the plant . The good way to hold in pitchy mold is to moderate the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leave with a moist cloth or washed away with a hose - end nebulizer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that obliterate industrial plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the speedy staining or droop of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of command .
Miscellaneous
You will often listen loam denote to as a sandy loam ( having more Baroness Dudevant , yet still plentitude of constitutive issue ) or a the Great Compromiser loam ( heavier on the Henry Clay , yet executable with good drain . ) The addition of constitutional matter to either sand or clay will result in a loamy stain . Still not sure if your dirt is a sand , clay , or loam ? essay this unsubdivided test . Squeeze a handfull of slightly moist , not pie-eyed , grunge in your hand . If it forms a smashed orchis and does not go down asunder when gently pink with a digit , your soil is more than probable clay . If soil does not spring a ball or crumbles before it is tip , it is sand to very sandy loam . If soil forms a glob , then crumbles pronto when gently tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could mean a remains loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any grouping of plants used to break up or deflect the wind . tumid scurf windbreaks are normally planted as a exclusive or double row and may be used not only to protect buildings , but craw as well . The precise location of the shelterbelt look on its height and the velocity of the wind .
idle words good luck plants are usually found tight together . Combination planting seem to figure out well too : taller industrial plant should be in the middle , shorter on the outside . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacterium , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must swear on the cellular mechanism of their hosts to repeat . Because this greatly disrupts the cellular phone ’s functionality , outward signal of a viral transmission solvent in a plant disease with symptom such as unnatural or scrubby growth , damaged yield , stain or smirch .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus mailman such as aphid , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These plant alimentation dirt ball pass around viruses . Viruses can also be introduce by septic pollen or through flora openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be fit , as well as peter and existing plant life . Use only indorse source that is deemed disease - liberal . Plant only tolerant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not constitute closely related plants in the same area every year . gloss : FertilizeFertilize just before new growth get with a staring fertiliser . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred prison term to prune this works .
